Until the mid-18th century, the design and significance of maritime flags flying on ships in Tunis were unknown. However, various sources have been able to distinguish certain similarities among the flags: they were designed with a crescent-oriented shape in the presence of the colors blue, green, red, and white. Thereafter, and until the early 19th century, the flag was composed of horizontal blue, red and green stripes, identifying the Ottoman regency in Tunis. This kind of flag with multiple bands and irregular contours floated on top of ships all along the coast of North Africa; similar flags with different colors and arrangements were also used on the continent.
Believed to have been introduced by Al-Husayn II ibn Mahmud, although some sources, such as Abdel-Wahab, claim that it was in use three centuries earlier, the flag was rectangular in shape and divided into nine stripes, the middle one green and double the size of all other bands, while the others alternated between yellow and red. Featured in the center of the green stripe was the Zulfiqar, the legendary Islamic sword of Ali, with the blade in white and the hilt multicolored. The red and yellow stripes each contained five equidistant symbols, whose order was alternated between each stripe. These symbols were divided into two categories: one red six-sided star voided with a circle of a different color in the center—either a red star and green circle or a white star and blue circle—, and a large circle voided in its lower right by a small circle of different color, with the combination being either a small red circle within a larger blue circle or a small yellow circle within a larger red circle. The first yellow stripe contains three red stars and two blue circles. The second stripe, red in color, contains three green circles and two white stars. The third stripe (second yellow one) is identical to the first, with the exception that the star in its center is white, while the fourth stripe (second white one) is identical to the second stripe.
Several Muslim countries along the south coast of the Mediterranean Sea used a red flag similar to the flag of the Ottoman Empire. After the destruction of the Tunisian naval division at the Battle of Navarino on 20 October 1827, the sovereign Husainid Dynasty leader Al-Husayn II ibn Mahmud decided to create a flag to use for the fleet of Tunisia, to distinguish it from other fleets. There are some discrepancies over the date of the flag's adoption, as the government states that it was adopted in 1831, while other sources like Siobhan Ryan's Ultimate Pocket Flags of the World claim that it was adopted in 1835.
During the era of the French protectorate in Tunisia, French authorities did not change the Tunisian flag.[dubious – discuss] However, according to an article in the Flag Bulletin publishing in Fall 2000, for a short period of time during the French protectorate, the flag of France was placed in the canton (upper left) of the Tunisian flag. In the same vein, vexillologist Whitney Smith stated that the addition of the French flag was "modification of the unofficial Tunisian national flag, used for a few years". He added:
Confusion arose when an issue of the French daily newspaper Le Petit Journal, published on 24 July 1904 on the occasion of the bey of Tunis's visit to France, reproduced an illustration showing the flag used while was visiting the Hôtel de Ville, Paris. Ivan Sache of Flags of the World claimed that this flag design, which hadn't been seen earlier, may have been inaccurate, suggesting that the journalist might not have been at the affair or he had reproduced a drawing of the wrong flag.
Tunisia became independent from France in 1956. The Tunisian flag was defined in Article 4 of the constitution of 1 June 1959.
The Arab Islamic Republic was a proposed unification in 1974 of Tunisia and Libya, agreed upon by Libyan ruler Muammar al-Gaddafi and Tunisian President Habib Bourguiba. At the end of a meeting between the two leaders, the Tunisian Minister of Foreign Affairs, Mohamed Masmoudi, read a joint statement: However, faced with opposition from within the regime and abroad, Bourguiba was forced to step back and abandon the project, claiming the unconstitutionality of the referendum.[citation needed] The flag itself would take have taken the colors of the flag of the Federation of Arab Republics, in existence from 1972 to 1977, but the falcon present at the center of that flag would have been replaced with the Tunisian star and red crescent, as the union agreement described it: "Flag: the star and Tunisian crescent in the white middle [stripe], then the red and black [stripes]." The Tunisian flag was defined in Article 4 of the 1 June 1959 constitution under these terms: "The flag of the Republic of Tunisia is red, it has, under the conditions defined by law, in the middle, a white circle containing a five-pointed star surrounded by a red crescent."
Believed to have been introduced by Al-Husayn II ibn Mahmud, although some sources, such as Abdel-Wahab, claim that it was in use three centuries earlier, the flag was rectangular in shape and divided into nine stripes, the middle one green and double the size of all other bands, while the others alternated between yellow and red. Featured in the center of the green stripe was the Zulfiqar, the legendary Islamic sword of Ali, with the blade in white and the hilt multicolored. The red and yellow stripes each contained five equidistant symbols, whose order was alternated between each stripe. These symbols were divided into two categories: one red six-sided star voided with a circle of a different color in the center—either a red star and green circle or a white star and blue circle—, and a large circle voided in its lower right by a small circle of different color, with the combination being either a small red circle within a larger blue circle or a small yellow circle within a larger red circle. The first yellow stripe contains three red stars and two blue circles. The second stripe, red in color, contains three green circles and two white stars. The third stripe (second yellow one) is identical to the first, with the exception that the star in its center is white, while the fourth stripe (second white one) is identical to the second stripe.
Several Muslim countries along the south coast of the Mediterranean Sea used a red flag similar to the flag of the Ottoman Empire. After the destruction of the Tunisian naval division at the Battle of Navarino on 20 October 1827, the sovereign Husainid Dynasty leader Al-Husayn II ibn Mahmud decided to create a flag to use for the fleet of Tunisia, to distinguish it from other fleets. There are some discrepancies over the date of the flag's adoption, as the government states that it was adopted in 1831, while other sources like Siobhan Ryan's Ultimate Pocket Flags of the World claim that it was adopted in 1835.
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Tunisia became independent from France in 1956. The Tunisian flag was defined in Article 4 of the constitution of 1 June 1959.
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